The prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism in Hispanics with two or more risk factors for metabolic syndrome in the primary care setting

Published: Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners
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Authors: Claudia P Neira 1 , Margaret Hartig, Patricia A Cowan, Pedro A Velasquez-Mieyer
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LINK TO RESEARCH https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19302694/ ABSTRACT Purpose: The purposes of this observational prospective study were (a) to identify the prevalence of undiagnosed impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) including impaired fasting glucose (IFG),...

Biphasic insulin aspart 30 for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Published: Expert Opin Pharmacother
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Authors: Pedro A Velásquez-Mieyer 1 , Claudia P Neira
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with acute and long-term complications, to which pre- and postprandial hyperglycemia are independent contributors. The objective of this review was to evaluate evidence-based information using biphasic insulin aspart 30 in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Racial disparity in glucagon-like peptide 1 and inflammation markers among severely obese adolescents

Published: Diabetes Care
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Authors: Pedro A Velásquez-Mieyer 1 , Patricia A Cowan, Sylvia Pérez-Faustinelli, Ramfis Nieto-Martínez, Cesar Villegas-Barreto, Elizabeth A Tolley, Robert H Lustig, Bruce S Alpert
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Compared with Caucasians, obese African-American adolescents have a higher risk for type 2 diabetes. Subclinical inflammation and reduced glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentration are linked to the pathogenesis of the disease.

Metabolic syndrome: from global epidemiology to individualized medicine

Published: Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
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Authors: J A Batsis 1 , R E Nieto-Martinez, F Lopez-Jimenez
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The metabolic syndrome (MetS) encompasses a constellation of metabolic abnormalities that are thought to place patients at higher risk for the development of diabetes and cardiovascular (CV) disease.

A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial of a long-acting formulation of octreotide in promoting weight loss in obese adults with insulin hypersecretion

Published: International Journal of Obesity
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Authors: R H Lustig 1 , F Greenway, P Velasquez-Mieyer, D Heimburger, D Schumacher, D Smith, W Smith, N Soler, G Warsi, W Berg, J Maloney, J Benedetto, W Zhu, J Hohneker
Abstract:
Objective: To compare changes in weight in obese patients who received long-acting octreotide (octreotide LAR) at one of three dose levels (20, 40, or 60 mg) or placebo over 6 months and to identify the lowest dose of octreotide LAR that safely achieved optimal weight loss.

Obesity, leptin resistance, and the effects of insulin reduction

Published: International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders
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Authors: R H Lustig 1 , S Sen, J E Soberman, P A Velasquez-Mieyer
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Leptin resistance is a hallmark of obesity, but its etiology is unknown, and its clinical measurement is elusive. Leptin-sensitive subjects have normal resting energy expenditure (REE) at a low leptin concentration, while leptin-resistant subjects have a normal REE at a higher leptin concentration; thus, the ratio of REE:Leptin may provide a surrogate index of leptin sensitivity.

Race affects insulin and GLP-1 secretion and response to a long-acting somatostatin analogue in obese adults

Published: International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders
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Authors: P A Velasquez-Mieyer 1 , G E Umpierrez, R H Lustig, A K Cashion, P A Cowan, M Christensen, K A Spencer, G A Burghen
Abstract:
This study investigated (1) the effect of octreotide-LAR (Sandostatin-LAR Depot; Novartis) on the enteroinsular axis in a biracial cohort of severely obese adults, (2) whether octreotide suppression of insulin secretion occurs by both a direct beta-cell effect and through mediating a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) response, and (3) whether differences in GLP-1 concentrations could explain racial differences in insulin concentrations.

Suppression of insulin secretion is associated with weight loss and altered macronutrient intake and preference in a subset of obese adults

Published: International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders
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Authors: P A Velasquez-Mieyer 1 , P A Cowan, K L Arheart, C K Buffington, K A Spencer, B E Connelly, G W Cowan, R H Lustig
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Hyperinsulinemia is a common feature of many obesity syndromes. We investigated whether suppression of insulin secretion, without dietary or exercise intervention, could promote weight loss and alter food intake and preference in obese adults.

Hypothalamic obesity caused by cranial insult in children: altered glucose and insulin dynamics and reversal by a somatostatin agonist

Published: The Journal of Pediatrics
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Authors: R H Lustig 1 , S R Rose, G A Burghen, P Velasquez-Mieyer, D C Broome, K Smith, H Li, M M Hudson, R L Heideman, L E Kun
Abstract:
Hypothalamic obesity is a rare sequela of cranial insult, for which pathogenesis and treatment remain obscure. In rodents ventromedial hypothalamic damage causes hyperphagia, obesity, hyperinsulinism, and insulin resistance. Reduction of insulin secretion in humans may attenuate weight gain.